Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic condition involving sensitive, tight bands within muscle tissue known as trigger points, which cause localised pain and can also refer pain to other areas of the body in predictable patterns. It commonly develops in the neck, shoulders and lower back, often following muscle overuse, poor posture, or as a secondary response to another underlying pain condition, and it is frequently present alongside — and can complicate the treatment of — other chronic pain conditions.

Patients typically describe a deep, aching muscular pain with distinct tender points that reproduce their usual pain pattern when pressed, sometimes with a palpable tight band within the muscle. Associated features can include restricted movement, muscle fatigue, and referred pain that may be mistaken for a nerve or joint problem if the muscular origin is not specifically examined for. Because trigger points can develop as a protective response to another source of pain, identifying and treating any underlying cause is an important part of assessment.

Treatment typically combines physiotherapy techniques such as stretching, dry needling and manual therapy with an active exercise program to address the postural or biomechanical factors contributing to the problem. Trigger point injections can provide effective, targeted relief for persistent or particularly troublesome points, and are often combined with a broader rehabilitation plan. Addressing contributing factors such as workstation ergonomics, sleep quality and stress is important, since these commonly perpetuate muscular tension if left unaddressed.